By Rabbi Yair Hoffman for 5TJT.com
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While it is clear that opening up the shuls, at least on a limited basis, has become legal – it is not so clear whether one should actually choose this option – rather than opting for an outdoor minyan. People are heartened by the fact that now, the daily death rate has hit a low of 84, rather than the 800ish figures of the past. But not everyone is being so quick to embrace indoor minyanim.
Rabbi Naftali Jaeger, the Rosh Yeshiva of Shor Yoshiv, recently penned a letter to his mispallelim that no one should be davening indoors in a minyan. Others, however, are permitting some minyanim within their shuls and are limiting them and having mispallelim pre-register so as not to overbook the minyan.
The science behind the spread of this pandemic is still in its infancy, but there are “spreading” factors that the scientists are watching. It seems that no one is really studying how COVID-19 spread in the Torah-observant community, but it seems that we did experience clusters of cases, rather than it being evenly spread out. There is one community where a doctor reported that 70% of the COVID-19 patients are frum men.
In order to make an informed decision as to whether to go back into the shuls or to keep the minyanim in the backyards, it is important to understand, at least, what the scientists are looking at. The scientists are looking at two numbers are called “R” and “k.”
R stands for the reproduction number and means how many new infections, on average, there are for every person that has the disease. The R for COVID-19 is 3, but that was before there was any social distancing. The second number “k” is called the dispersion factor or how much a disease clusters.
If the number “k” is low – that means that much most of the cases came from a smaller amount of people. One study (https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/5-67) shows that the “k” number in COVID-19 is .10 which means that 80% of the cases came from only 10% of the people who had the virus.
WET TALKER STUDY
It is quite possible that some people spread the illness more than others. It is also feasible that the spreaders could be wetter talkers than dryer talkers. There is a fascinating study about wet talkers that can be found at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-38808-z). The study also suggests that singing loudly causes disease to spread more than regular talking.
INDOORS VERSUS OUTDOORS
A study done in China of 318 clustered cases of COVID-19 of three or more infections showed that only one of them occurred outdoors – the other 317 occurred indoors. That study can be read at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.04.20053058v1.full.pdf
The Chinese study, however, could have been a fluke. There is another study, however that was done in Japan that had more balanced numbers. That study shows that the risk of getting infected indoors is only nineteen times higher than getting it from outdoors. The Japanese study can be read at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.28.20029272v2.full.pdf
SHOULD WE BE WATCHING STATISTICS FROM ELSEWHERE?
Another question that we should be asking our gedolim is whether or not we should be looking at, lehavdil, statistics culled from elsewhere. According to the New York Times, Germany has plunged ahead after bringing its outbreak under control, reopening houses of worship and allowing worshippers to gather indoors. This resulted in a new clusters of cases emerging as 40 churchgoers tested positive after a May 10 service at a Baptist church, the German health authorities said on Friday.
Six parishioners were hospitalized, according to Wladimir Pritzkau, a parish leader. “We followed all the rules,” Mr. Pritzkau told the DPA news agency, adding that the church did not know how many people attended the service two weeks ago.
The state of Hesse, where the infections occurred, has been allowing church services under special guidelines, including asking worshipers to keep five feet apart and requiring churches to have disinfectant readily available. Now, the church has since moved its weekend services back online.
Germany reported 431 new coronavirus cases on Saturday, bringing the country’s toll to 178,281, with 8,247 deaths.
CONCLUSIONS
Each person should consult with his Rav or Posaik as to how to proceed. It is this author’s opinion that we should hold our minyanim only outdoors, and observe social distancing while doing so. For Krias HaTorah, either the baal koreh should receive all of the aliyos, or each baal Aliyah should lein himself – with no one else around. There should also be a two-minute waiting period between each Aliyah if the latter option is exercised. May Hashem have mercy on us all and help us open the shuls safely.
The author can be reached at [email protected]
Rabbi Hoffman dear,
When the government says to close Shulls we must listen because Dina D’malchusa Dina and Venishmartem meod lenafshtechem. But if they say we can open up Shulls you are advocating to stay closed.Very interseting.
Its a very good Pesak for the MO community.
We the ultra Orthodox community have B’h our Rabbonim and we opened all Shulls fully.
And we are I’yh going to open Yeshivos if its allowed or not. Because this is to us essential.
Baruch Hashem, someone with sechel.
Two months ago the Rabbankm were last to close and now last to open. Did I miss the quick paced medical school that everyone went to.
Better safe than sorry. Better alive than dead. Better outdoors than indoors. Better to be honest with ourselves that no one (my self included) really knows.
We will find out in two weeks. This shabbos all shuls we’re packed. It takes two weeks to see results. Let’s hope everything is ok.
Certain communities feel that outdoors is more difficult to control
The satmer rebbi has studied the entire ”sugya” just as Rabbi Hoffman and came to a diff.conclusion.It seems to be that politics is mixed in….The Rebbi has asked all his chasidim to join for yom tov inside the main bais medrash.Only those who don’t feel well are asked to stay home.Lets hope we are all safe and follow your DAAS TORAH.( make sure you have a Rebbi or Ruv you are close to ,who you ask what to do)
While I respect the authors opnion here are some things that concern me.
Shuls: The bies hakneses has always been our mikdash mat. for tousands of years its been our focal point and makom kedushash where torah and avoda and chesed comes from. Lets say its wrong to return or not safe. Shouldn’t it at least pain us? Shouldn’t we feel we are missing something The shechina is in double golus now since it can’t rest at our shuls now? No amen yiha shima raba, no birchas kohenim on shavous etc..How can people make callous comments like “we daven better at home”? Are there still people not at least making porch outdoor minyan now that its safe to do so?
Cheder: When we are 3 boys go on our shoulders and we dance with them to the cheder. The place for a boy to learn torah is in yeshiva not on zoom. The needs for early childhood development and kriah are essential. If not caught at the right time, its lost forever. Our well trained rabbeim take courses and are equipped to motivate and train children and a way that parents cannot. Doesn’t it pain us that they can’t return yet? if 95% of kids are not social distancing anyhow, should we not try via legal action and advocacy to reopen? Shouldnt we at least want to reopen? How can one say “oh they can learn at home”? Thats yddishkiet?
Rabbi Hoffman I write this with full respect for your views but I feel the point where it must pian us that we can’t engage in the full torah way is crucial to bring out as well
How unfortunate it is that trump figured out that Shuls are essential before many in our community
During Purim everyone was laughing off the NOT shaking hands or social distancing and wearing a mask was unheard of. Now this crisis is almost over with a loss of hundreds of Yidden , thousands of Yesoymim,almunes left behind , do we really chas veshulem need to rush back to shuls and chas veshulem watch a re surge in covid patients? i rater stay in my backyard a few more weeks and be on the safe side , let not be Tzoyek al huUver
Shuls ARE essential but they are also dangerous. Whats the argument here?
We care about lives more than our government so we choose to err on the side of caution.
Shul is so essential, people STILL came late on shabbos!
The same church Obama attended.
What’s wrong with evangelicals? They’re great family people, support Israel and care about our country.
Here you see Yidds who are neither.
That’s why so much Jew hatred.
Too many Yidds in the Dem camp with Golden Calves in their shirt pockets.
This topic has nothing to do with Trump.
Yet the criminally demented haters hijack it . That’s how sick they are. Shows desperation 4 months before the election. It’s going to get more frenzied. They’re going to scratch their faces bloody and their vile language will ratchet up on the fake news networks. About October time, they’ll go totally insane. Just watch.
we can pitch big open tents in shul parking lots or any big space and have just a specific number of people in the tents at one time spread out from eachother . After that another shift can come in to daven and then another shift up until sof zman tefillah . … The main point is DON’T ANYONE TALK DURIflyhighNG DAVENING !!!!!!!!!!! ( except for the words of davening itself ) …… As soon as Ha-shem sees that there’s NO TALKING during and inside these tent minyanim , HE will STOP and END this Magayfah . ……. This will take MANY weeks of us davening properly , to prove to Ha-shem that we’ve repented completely , but at least there is an end in sight somewhere and the sooner we start this repentence process , the better off we will all be
I was brought up in a frum community and I never left my upbringing.
I am high risk. I am glad that Shuls are open but I am not yet ready to be in an indoor Shul. When the numbers stay down I will be happier.
Even before this pandemic I was disturbed by the pattern of people that were really sick and likely contagious coming to shul.
This past Shabbos, I davened in a backyard minyan with mostly social distancing. At the end of davening a person who was 3 feet away from me (I was maskim since we both wore masks and I tested with high antibodies) started saying kadish and pulled his mask off since it was inconvenient for him.
Harav Sholmo Frifeld ztl is turning over in his grave because of this
Re-read your own comments and listen to what you have written.
Perhaps you’ll see that there is a reason to connect to Hashem through a new path: re-building the holy temple.
Why else would we suddenly now find it ao difficult to daaven as we have done for generations?